- individualism: People’s diligence, imagination, and ingenuity. Everyone’s unique self.
- humanism: Study of humans along with our grammar, history, poetry, and rhetoric.
- St.Peter’s church: Built over the grave of Peter the Apostle. The first thing they built to ‘restore’ Rome.
- Pantheism: The idea of a God being present in everything since he is infinite.
- Giordano Bruno: Claimed that God was present in nature and believed that the universe was infinite in scope. He was burned at stake for his ideas.
- Empirical Method: Every investigation of natural phenomena was based on observation, experience, and experiment.
- Francis Bacon: ‘Knowledge is power’, he once stated, the English philosopher.
- Galileo Galilei: ‘Measure what can be measured, and make measurable what cannot be measured’, he once said, one of the most important scientists of the 17th century. He also introduced the Law of Inertia.
- Nicolaus Copernicus: Polish astronomer. Published a book in 1543(although he died that same day) called ‘On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres‘. He claimed that the Earth moved around the sun.
- Johannes Kepler: Early 1600s the German astronomer claimed that the planets moved in elliptical orbits, and the closer you are to the sun, the faster the planet’s orbit because of the gravitational force.
- Isaac Newton: English physicist(1642-1727) explained the solar system and planetary orbits with why it was so. Also, formulated the Law of Universal Gravitation.
- Reformation: During the Renaissance, the Bible was translated into other national languages. It was a religious revolution.
- Martin Luther: According to him, people did not need the church or priests for receiving God’s forgiveness. He also founded the German written language.
- Erasmus of Rotterdam: Had criticism of the church and some Christian practices.
- Leonardo Da Vinci: Humanist(1452-1519). Architect, engineer, painter, sculptor, and scientist a.k.a Renaissance Man.
